Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions (improper bites), which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships (between maxilla and mandible), or both. Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or can deal with the control and modification of facial growth. In the latter case, it is better defined as "dentofacial orthopaedics". Orthodontic treatments are carried out through the use of appliances (orthodontic appliances) of different nature: fixed, removable, transparent or invisible, lingually positioned (on internal surfaces of dental arches therefore inconspicuous). Orthodontic treatment may be carried out for purely esthetic reasons in order to improve the general appearance of patients' teeth. In any case, the restoration of a proper function, and therefore of proper chewing, represents a major advantage in orthodontic treatments. According to clinical situations, orthodontic treatment can be performed for both growing patients (children) and adults.
